David US English. Mark US English. Daniel British. Libby British. Mia British. Karen Australian. Hayley Australian. Natasha Australian. Veena Indian. Priya Indian. Neerja Indian. Zira US English. Oliver British. Wendy British. Fred US English. Tessa South African. How to say 12th century in sign language? Numerology Chaldean Numerology The numerical value of 12th century in Chaldean Numerology is: 8 Pythagorean Numerology The numerical value of 12th century in Pythagorean Numerology is: 8.
Examples of 12th century in a Sentence Daniel Master : Our study has shown for the first time that the Philistines immigrated to this region in the 12th century BC , we didn't show it by showing similar styles of pottery, we didn't show it by looking at texts, we showed it by looking at the DNA of the people themselves.
The Assassins, a sect of Nizari Ismailis, begin to acquire strongholds in Persia. Many of the towns of northern Italy acquire virtual independence as self-governing communes. Greek texts, translated by Arabic scholars in Baghdad, gradually make their way through the Muslim world to Christian Europe. Chinese potters in the Song dynasty develop the wares known as celadons, with thick transparent green glazes.
Go to Henry I b. The chansons de geste , performed by professional minstrels in castles and manors, celebrate the exploits of Charlemagne and his paladins. The crusaders now rule the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa. Go to Crusades in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. The Knights of St John of Jerusalem become an established order under papal protection.
St Bernard establishes a new monastery at Clairvaux, from which he presides over the rapid expansion of the Cistercian order. The troubadours of Provence develop a new form of love poetry in French, introducing courtly love. The Knights Templar are founded, to protect pilgrims from the Muslims on the journey to Jerusalem. A popular French poem, the Chanson de Roland , turns a minor disaster in one of Charlemagne's campaigns into a tale of epic heroism.
Work begins on the exquisite palace chapel in Palermo, built for the Norman kings of Sicily. Go to Palermo in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Go to Stephen , king of England c. Walter FitzAlan takes a post as steward with the Scottish king, thus establishing the Stewart family and later dynasty. Conrad III, of the Hohenstaufen family, is elected German king - a title which remains in the family for more than a century, bringing with it that of Holy Roman emperor.
Pope Innocent III and the second Lateran council outlaw the crossbow as a weapon causing unacceptable devastation. Victory over the Muslims at Ourique is seen as the moment of Portugal's independence from the kingdom of Leon. The new abbey church of St Denis is consecrated near Paris, introducing the style of architecture later known as Gothic.
The city of Edessa is captured by Zangi, a Mameluke general, in the first setback for the crusaders in the Middle East. Go to Eugenius III d. A new form of pious devotion is seen in Chartres, with people painfully dragging wagons of stone to enlarge the cathedral.
A bishop in the crusader territories of the Middle East has news of a fabulously wealthy Christian king, Prester John. Rival Berber tribesmen, the Almohads, evict the Almoravids from Marrakech and soon conquer the whole north African coast. Alfonso I takes Lisbon from the Muslims, with the unexpected help of some passing English crusaders. Go to Lisbon in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Gilbert of Hastings, an English priest, becomes bishop of the recovered see of Lisbon - the first of many such links between England and Portugal.
Go to Louis VII c. Seville falls to the Almohads, from north Africa, who make it their Spanish capital. In feudal France and Germany Charlemagne is by now venerated as a saint. The Aztecs begin to move south from their original home, which they call Aztlan, somewhere in northern Mexico. Go to Aztec in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. The Medici move into Florence from their country home in the Mugello valley. After centuries of raiding the northern part of Sri Lanka, the Tamils establish a settled Hindu presence in the island.
The biblical kings and queens in the west porch of Chartres cathedral are a striking early example of Gothic sculpture. Zen Buddhism reaches Japan from China and appeals greatly to the new samurai class. German merchants begin trading along the coasts of Latvia and Estonia, a region to which they give the name Livonia.
The merging of Catalonia with Aragon, by marriage, creates a power in northern Spain of comparable strength to Castile.
Go to Catalonia in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Frederick Barbarossa becomes king of Germany and Holy Roman emperor, greatly extending the power of the empire during a long reign.
Go to Frederick I —90 in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. The inhabitants of Damascus surrender their city to Nur ed-Din, helping him greatly in his campaign against the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem.
Henry II, coming to the throne of England, is king or feudal overlord of an unbroken swathe of territory from the Tweed to the Pyrenees. Vienna is adopted by the Babenberg rulers as the capital city of Austria. A Russian prince, Andrei Bogolyubski, makes his capital east of Moscow at Vladimir, where he builds a cathedral and several churches.
Go to Vladimir in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Go to Becket, Thomas c. Saladin, a Kurd who arose in the service of the Seljuk Turks, is sultan and military leader. He mentions the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad in his prayers, and he is interested in a Sunni ideological revival in Egypt and in driving the crusaders out of the Middle East. He has accused Jews of ritual murder and has confiscated their wealth, and now he confiscates their land and buildings and banishes them from his realm.
Anyone who shields or gives aid to a heretic is to be subject to the same punishment as the heretic. Unrepentant heretics are to be turned over to a secular government for punishment, and relapsed heretics are to receive harsher sentences. He also calculated, with exquisite accuracy, the time it takes Earth to orbit the sun — while Europeans are viewing the earth as standing still.
The Taira clan had been oppressive and corrupt in its rule of Japan. Opposition had formed against them, led by a member of the Minamoto clan, Minamoto Yoritomo, who had been held at the fishing village of Kamakura. From the Gempei War, Minamoto Yoritoma emerges supreme. He has members of the Taira clan hunted down and killed, and he has rivals from his own family eliminated.
There is no pillaging or slaughter of non-combantants — as there had been when the Crusaders took Jerusalem in There are now about 1, Jewish families in all of Palestine. Before the Christian crusaders and their killings the Jews numbered about , Saladin is to acquire a reputation in Europe as a chivalrous knight.
Richard I arrives in June. Saladin fails to break the siege and in July the city falls to the crusaders. Richard then takes the coastal town of Jaffa. Richard and Saladin sign a treaty that leaves Jerusalem under Muslim control and allows Christian pilgrims to visit. Some coastal towns and Cyprus are left in Christian hands. Richard leaves for England. The Third Crusade is over, and many will see it as a failure because Jerusalem remains in the hands of Muslims rather than Christians.
He rules from the village of Kamakura eventually to be a part of Tokyo. Japan's Kamakura era begins, to last until The emperor, still in Kyoto, is to be a puppet of the Shogun, a relationship to last until the middle of the19th century. They reach Delhi , overwhelming fierce Hindu opposition. Monastery monks are killed. Muslims have contempt for Buddhism and have been destroying Buddhist temples for decades. Buddhism is being driven out of India.
Survivors of the Odantapura monastery scatter with a few holy texts, most of them to Nepal and Tibet.
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